Z Nation - Puppies A...
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Z Nation - Puppies a...
The most common clinically relevant congenital heart diseases cause a loud murmur from birth [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Similarly to previous studies, left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, and aortic stenosis were the three most common causes of a cardiac murmur in the present study [1,3]. Of these three most prevalent congenital heart diseases, both patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonic stenosis are effectively treatable conditions [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. For both diseases, the younger the dog when it undergoes catheter-based interventional or surgical treatment, the greater the chance that the disease can be cured, or the long-term prognosis can be markedly improved [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. When clinical signs of heart disease are present before surgery, the long-term prognosis is less favorable [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Furthermore, in full-grown large and giant breed dogs with pulmonic stenosis, a technically more challenging large-diameter balloon valvuloplasty or the pricier double-balloon technique might be necessary for effective dilatation of the large vessels [16]. Therefore, the shortest possible delay from the first murmur detection to the referral to a veterinary cardiology specialist is desirable. The best practice would be that no puppies with a suspected or confirmed congenital heart disease were sold to new owners, unless the potential owners are fully informed about the possible consequences of such a condition, and they specifically choose buying a pup with a heart disease. Not all serious congenital heart diseases cause a loud murmur at 6 weeks of age. Because subaortic stenosis is more of a developmental than a congenital heart disease, it is possible that the murmur caused by this condition is not yet audible at the first health check at 6 weeks of age [17,18,19,20]. It is also important to note that some clinically relevant congenital heart diseases cause no or only a soft murmur, which makes the index of suspicion of a severe heart disease low based on auscultation alone. Examples of these congenital heart diseases in dogs include atrial septal defect, right-to-left shunting patent ductus arteriosus, and cor triatriatum dexter [21,22,23].
More than half (57%) of the dogs underwent an echocardiographic examination by a non-cardiologist before referral to a veterinary cardiology specialist. Considerations for performing non-specialized echocardiography first could have some advantages, such as lower examination costs, shorter travel distance, and possibly quicker or more flexible appointment options. However, this practice could cause unnecessary delay in interventional or surgical therapy. Interestingly, in the present study this extra diagnostic step did not significantly lengthen the interval between first murmur detection and visit to a veterinary cardiologist, compared to the owners, who had not gone to a non-cardiologist echocardiogram. The relatively quicker referral to a cardiologist after an echocardiogram elsewhere might have been due to concerning or unclear echocardiographic findings. The number of dogs that did not get referred to a cardiologist after an echocardiogram was performed by a non-cardiologist remains unknown.
The collar should not be used on puppies younger than seven weeks old or on kittens younger than ten weeks old. If ticks are present on your pet when the collar is applied, they will not die within the first forty-eight hours and should be removed manually. If your dog or cat shows any sign of skin irritation or other reaction to the collar, remove immediately and consult your veterinarian.Do not allow children to play with collar or reflectors, or to put them in their mouths. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after fitting the collar. People with sensitivity reactions to the ingredients of the collar should avoid contact with the collar. Choking hazard. Contains small parts. Do not place reflectors in mouth. Not intended for use on humans. 041b061a72